Alteraciones oculares en submarinistas: Presentación de 2 casos clínicos y revisión de la literatura / Ocular alterations in divers: 2 case reports and literature review

El submarinismo puede practicarse de manera recreativa o profesional. En ambas modalidades el buceador puede verse expuesto a riesgos como el síndrome de descompresión y al consecuente uso de la cámara hiperbárica, la hiperoxigenación de la botella de gases, el barotrauma y la inmersión en circuitos cerrados. Estas situaciones tienen en común la exposición a una gran diferencia de presiones, lo que puede provocar una amplia gama de alteraciones, incluidas las oftalmológicas. El desarrollo de una miopía de índice y catarata de tipo nuclear son hallazgos oculares frecuentemente asociados al aumento de presión de oxígeno. En este contexto, se establece un desequilibrio entre especies oxidativas y defensas antioxidantes como el glutatión, que posee un papel clave en el mantenimiento de la transparencia del cristalino. Presentamos los casos de 2 pacientes jóvenes, pescadores de coral, que presentaron una miopización reciente y progresiva asociada a cataratas nucleares

Scuba diving can be practiced recreationally or professionally. In both modalities the diver can be exposed to risks such as decompression syndrome and thus, the use of a hyperbaric chamber, hyper-oxygenation of the gas cylinder, barotrauma, and immersion in closed circuits. These situations have some phenomena in common, such as the great pressure differences, which can cause a wide range of alterations, including ophthalmological ones. The development of index myopia and nuclear cataract are ocular findings frequently associated with increased oxygen pressure. In this context, an imbalance is established between oxidative species and antioxidant defences, such as glutathione, which has a key role in maintaining the transparency of the lens. The cases are presented of 2 young coral fisher patients, who had recently developed a progressive myopisation associated with nuclear cataracts

Ocular alterations in divers: 2 case reports and literature review. / Alteraciones oculares en submarinistas: Presentación de 2 casos clínicos y revisión de la literatura.

Scuba diving can be practiced recreationally or professionally. In both modalities the diver can be exposed to risks such as decompression syndrome and thus, the use of a hyperbaric chamber, hyper-oxygenation of the gas cylinder, barotrauma, and immersion in closed circuits. These situations have some phenomena in common, such as the great pressure differences, which can cause a wide range of alterations, including ophthalmological ones. The development of index myopia and nuclear cataract are ocular findings frequently associated with increased oxygen pressure. In this context, an imbalance is established between oxidative species and antioxidant defences, such as glutathione, which has a key role in maintaining the transparency of the lens. The cases are presented of 2 young coral fisher patients, who had recently developed a progressive myopisation associated with nuclear cataracts.